The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Lasofoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
The effects of lasofoxifene on the risk of fractures, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease are uncertain. ⋯ In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, lasofoxifene at a dose of 0.5 mg per day was associated with reduced risks of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures, ER-positive breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke but an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00141323.)
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Timing of initiation of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy.
The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection with tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The optimal timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in relation to tuberculosis therapy remains controversial. ⋯ The initiation of antiretroviral therapy during tuberculosis therapy significantly improved survival and provides further impetus for the integration of tuberculosis and HIV services. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00398996.)
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Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also called Graves’ orbitopathy, is a potentially sight-threatening ocular disease that has puzzled physicians and scientists for nearly two centuries.– Generally occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism or a history of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease, Graves’ ophthalmopathy is also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease, because it sometimes occurs in patients with euthyroid or hypothyroid chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The condition has an annual adjusted incidence rate of 16 women and 3 men per 100,000 population. This review explores the perplexing relationship between Graves’ ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid dermopathy, the associated skin condition. I examine clinical features, histologic findings, and laboratory studies, with an emphasis on mechanisms that could be targeted in the development of new treatments for this debilitating disease.
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Letter Case Reports
Acquired autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, thymoma, and an AIRE defect.