European journal of pediatrics
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omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a central role in the normal development and functioning of the brain and central nervous system. Long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5omega-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6omega-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4omega-6), in particular, are involved in numerous neuronal processes, ranging from effects on membrane fluidity to gene expression regulation. Deficiencies and imbalances of these nutrients, not only during the developmental phase but throughout the whole life span, have significant effects on brain function. ⋯ In this context, PUFA imbalances are being discussed as potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. Another focus is whether the nutritive PUFA requirements-especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acid requirements-are higher among some individuals. Meanwhile, several controlled studies investigated the clinical benefits of LC-PUFA supplementation in affected children and adolescents, with occasionally conflicting results.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Surveillance study of apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) in the Netherlands.
SIDS and ALTE are different entities that somehow show some similarities. Both constitute heterogeneous conditions. The Netherlands is a low-incidence country for SIDS. ⋯ In conclusion, ALTE has a low incidence in second- and third-level hospitals in the Netherlands. Parents should be systematically informed about the possible devastating effects of shaking an infant. Careful history taking and targeted additional investigations are of utmost importance.
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Case Reports
Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated haemolytic uremic syndrome following influenza A virus infection.
Influenza virus is a seasonal cause of community-acquired pneumonia, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens causing secondary bacterial pneumonia. S. pneumoniae-induced haemolytic uremic syndrome is an uncommon condition mainly observed in young children. ⋯ Simultaneous viral cultures grew influenza A. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such reported case.