Neuroscience
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Review
Multifaceted roles of DLG3/SAP102 in neurophysiology, neurological disorders and tumorigenesis.
DLG3, also known as Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102), is essential for the organization and plasticity of excitatory synapses within the central nervous system (CNS). It plays a critical role in clustering and moving key components necessary for learning and memory processes. Mutations in the DLG3 gene, which result in truncated SAP102 proteins, have been associated with a range of neurological disorders, including X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and schizophrenia, all of which can disrupt synaptic structure and cognitive functions. ⋯ Moreover, SAP102 has been demonstrated to regulate tumor-induced bone pain through activating NMDA receptors. These findings highlight SAP102 as a promising therapeutic target for both neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, further investigation into the regulatory roles of SAP102 in neural development and disease may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for treating synaptic disorders and managing cancer progression.
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Stem-cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) models but lack a comprehensive literature review for clinical translation guidance. ⋯ Both natural and bio-engineered EVs improve functional and pathological outcomes in animal models of SCI. The enhanced benefits observed with bio-engineered EVs, particularly those utilizing surface modification approaches, highlight the importance of continued exploration into bio-engineering techniques to optimize EVs' therapeutic efficacy for SCI repair. Protocol Registration CRD42024512122.
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Review
Nanostructured photonics Probes: A transformative approach in neurotherapeutics and brain circuitry.
Neuroprobes that use nanostructured photonic interfaces are capable of multimodal sensing, stimulation, and imaging with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. In addition to electrical recording, optogenetic modulation, high-resolution optical imaging, and molecular sensing, these advanced probes combine nanophotonic waveguides, optical transducers, nanostructured electrodes, and biochemical sensors. ⋯ In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of photonics in neural probes, trends in electrode diameter for neural interface technologies, nanophotonic technologies using nanostructured materials, advances in nanofabrication photonics interface engineering, and challenges and opportunities. Finally, interdisciplinary efforts are required to unlock the transformative potential of next-generation neuroscience therapies.
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We aimed to investigate the relationship between the volume reduction in hippocampal (HP) subregions and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Clinical, cognitive, and magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained for 315 participants. The CSVD group included 146 participants with a total CSVD score of 1-4. 169 participants with a total CSVD score of zero were used as control group (CSVD-0). ⋯ Regression analysis showed that fimbria was the most impacted HP subregion by CSVD. And mediation analysis revealed fimbria volume was a mediator variable between total CSVD score and MoCA/SCWT score. These results suggest that the volumes of HP subregions, especially the fimbria, may be effective potential biomarkers for early detecting cognitive impairment in CSVD.