Neuroscience
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Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant reason for neonatal mortality and prolonged disability. We have previously revealed that GPR39 activation attenuates neuroinflammation in a neonatal HIE rat model. This study aimed to investigate whether GPR39 affected microglial pyroptosis post-HIE. ⋯ METTL3 inhibits microglial pyroptosis in neonatal HIE via regulating m6A-HuR dependent stabilization of GPR39, which contributes to therapeutics development for neonatal HIE.
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To investigate the characteristics and diagnostic values of the eye movement disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD-EMDs), this cross-sectional study enrolled 127 Chinese patients with PD and 80 healthy controls, and divided them into training and validation sets based on enrollment time. Performance in the five oculomotor paradigms was assessed using an infrared pupil and a corneal reflection tracking device. The primary characteristics of PD-EMDs were elucidated as inaccurate fixation with high deviation (frequency and total quantity); inaccurate saccades with delayed reaction and low velocity; saccadic pursuit with high deviation, delayed reaction, and velocity; and decreased visual search ability. ⋯ The model has good feasibility with satisfactory performance on the receiver operating characteristic, calibration, and decision curves, and broad clinical applicability with better discrimination for more advanced PD patients and non-tremor-dominant PD patients. A nomogram was created to make the model more user-friendly in the clinical setting. Overall, we have demonstrated the presence of PD-EMDs and their prospective value for PD preliminary screening.
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This review explores the significant roles of neurotransmitters, focusing on dopamine and serotonin, in inflammation and cancer. These neurotransmitters are vital for neural signaling and play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. ⋯ The interplay between dopamine and serotonin systems extends beyond neural communication, significantly affecting immune responses and inflammation. Dopamine's role in modulating immune cell activity highlights its potential in treating inflammatory conditions and cancer. Similarly, serotonin's extensive physiological impact underscores the importance of targeting 5-HT pathways in various disorders. Future research should focus on developing therapeutic strategies that leverage these neurotransmitters' regulatory functions in both the CNS and peripheral systems.
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Stem-cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) models but lack a comprehensive literature review for clinical translation guidance. ⋯ Both natural and bio-engineered EVs improve functional and pathological outcomes in animal models of SCI. The enhanced benefits observed with bio-engineered EVs, particularly those utilizing surface modification approaches, highlight the importance of continued exploration into bio-engineering techniques to optimize EVs' therapeutic efficacy for SCI repair. Protocol Registration CRD42024512122.
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In pop music, drum and bass components are crucial for generating the desire to move one's body, primarily due to their role in delivering salient metrical cues. This study explored how the presence of drum and bass influences neural responses to unfamiliar pop songs. Using AI-based algorithms, we isolated the drum and bass components from the musical excerpts, creating two additional versions: one that included only the drum and bass (excluding vocals and other instruments), and another that excluded the drum and bass (consisting solely of vocals and other instruments). ⋯ Analysis of fMRI data indicated that the removal of drum and bass led to increased activity in the auditory dorsal pathway, suggesting that the absence of these metrical cues demands greater cognitive effort to process the beats. In contrast, the version featuring only drum and bass elicited stronger activation in frontal regions associated with mirror properties, including the right ventral premotor cortex (extending into the inferior frontal gyrus) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared to the original version. Overall, this study contributed insights into the foundational role of drum and bass in imparting metrical salience to pop songs, enriching our understanding of listeners' sensorimotor processing of musical genres that prominently feature these two elements.