Neuroscience
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This study aims to delve into the mechanisms underlying the improvement of neurological function in rats with ischemic stroke through fecal microbiota transplantation. ⋯ Fecal microbiota transplantation offers a promising approach to improving neurological function in rats with ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, necroptosis, and the polarization of inflammatory microglial cells.
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Environmental light serves as the main entraining signal for the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). To shift clock timing with the changing environment, minute adjustments are necessary and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a neuromodulatory signaling mechanism in the SCN. These systems exert bidirectional effects on one another, still, limited knowledge exists about the role of endocannabinoids in circadian rhythm regulation. ⋯ Some genes, such as Cnr1, were more highly expressed in neurons with others, such as Fabp7, were elevated in astrocytes. Cnr1 levels were highest in neurons that do not express the neuropeptides Avp or Vip, and lowest in Vip neurons. Our results support the idea that locally regulated ECS signaling through neuronal CB1 modulates circadian clock function.
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Cartwheel (CW) neurons are glycinergic interneurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) that exhibit spontaneous firing, resulting in potent tonic inhibition of fusiform neurons. CW neurons expressing open ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels do not fire spontaneously, and activation of KATP channels halts spontaneous firing in these neurons. However, the conditions that regulate KATP channel opening in CW neurons remain unknown. ⋯ We hypothesized that intense membrane ion ATPase activity during strong depolarization would deplete intracellular ATP, leading to KATP channel opening. Consistent with this, depolarizing CW neurons with a 250 pA DC did not increase spontaneous firing because the depolarization activated KATP channels; however, the same depolarization after tolbutamide administration increased firing, suggesting that ATP depletion triggered KATP channel opening to limit action potential firing. These results indicate that KATP channels in the DCN provide dynamic control over action potential firing, preventing excessive excitation during high-firing activity.
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The adverse impact of disturbmitochondrialbiogenesis onearly brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been broadly recognized and is closely associated with oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Previous studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of Ropinirole, a dopamine D2 agonist, in Ischemic Stroke. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the ability of Ropinirole to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control after subarachnoid haemorrhage. ⋯ Further research showed that, Ropinirole therapy inhibit Drp1-mediated fission by accelerating the activity of fusion protein Mfn2/OPA1 along with regulating the translocation of PGC1-α and SIRT3 through restricting cytochrome C inside mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial metabolism. Ropinirole exerted neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial activity in a PGC1-α/SIRT3-dependent way via regulating Drp1 mediated fission. The effective treatment for SAH-induced EBI may involve increasing biogenesis and inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission with Ropinirole.