Neuroscience
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Microglia polarization plays a crucial role in inflammatory injury of brain following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has demonstrated protective properties against inflammation and promote hematoma clearance after ICH. The objective of this study was to explore impacts of HO-1 on microglia polarization and phagocytosis after ICH, along with the underlying mechanism. ⋯ Therefore, our data demonstrated that HO-1 alleviated nerve injury and induced M2 polarization and phagocytosis of microglia after ICH via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, which could provide deepen the pathological understanding of ICH and provide potential intervention targets and drug candidate for ICH.
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Review Meta Analysis
The safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy, representing 75% of cases and posing a substantial public health challenge. Emerging evidence from animal studies indicates that stem cell therapy holds significant promise as a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for DPN in animal studies remains outstanding. ⋯ The stem cell subgroup analysis showed that dental pulp stem cells had the greatest effects across all parameters, while bone marrow mononuclear cells had strong biochemical responses. Stem cell therapy demonstrates promising efficacy in ameliorating neuropathic symptoms in DPN animal models. Human patient studies and targeted treatment procedures for specific neuropathic disorders are advocated to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Review
Exploring the cellular and molecular basis of nerve growth factor in cerebral ischemia recovery.
Vascular obstruction often causes inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain. This deficiency results in cerebral ischemic injury, which significantly impairs neurological function. This review aimed to explore the neuroprotective and regenerative effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cerebral ischemic injury. ⋯ Moreover, the mechanisms of NGF in the acute and recovery phases, along with the strategies to enhance its therapeutic effects using delivery systems (such as intranasal administration, nanovesicles, and gene therapy) were also summarized. Although NGF shows great potential for clinical application, its delivery efficiency and long-term safety still need more research and improvements. Future research should focus on exploring the specific action mechanism of NGF, optimizing the delivery strategy, and evaluating its long-term efficacy and safety to facilitate its clinical transformation in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of discrete groups of neurons causing severe disability. The main risk factor is age, hence their incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide due to the rise in life expectancy. Although the causes of the disease are not identified in about 90% of the cases, in the last decades there has been great progress in understanding the basis for neurodegeneration. ⋯ These compounds exert neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms of action, some overlapping, but each demonstrating a principal biological activity: QCT as an antioxidant, CBD as an anti-inflammatory, and DMT as a promoter of neuroplasticity. This review summarizes current knowledge on these activities, potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds and their limitations as candidates for neuroprotective therapies. We envision that treatments with QCT, CBD, and DMT could be effective either when combined or when targeting different stages of these diseases.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system. They are linked to G-protein coupled receptors and are known to modulate synaptic transmission. The data regarding their expression in auditory structures are not systematic and mainly originate from physiological studies where expression was used to support physiological findings. ⋯ In the AC, the staining was more intense near the surface and diminished toward white matter. We also found that the overall expression level of mGluR2/3 was increased significantly in aged animals in all auditory structures tested. Collectively, our detailed immunostaining findings suggest that the group II mGluRs are widely expressed throughout the central auditory system and their contribution to auditory processing increases with age.