Medical education
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Meta Analysis
How much evidence does it take? A cumulative meta-analysis of outcomes of simulation-based education.
Studies that investigate research questions that have already been resolved represent a waste of resources. However, the failure to collect sufficient evidence to resolve a given question results in ambiguity. ⋯ Some replication is necessary to obtain stable estimates of effect and to explore different contexts, but the number of studies of SBE often exceeds the minimum number of replications required.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical supervision and learning opportunities during simulated acute care scenarios.
Closer clinical supervision has been increasingly promoted to improve patient care. However, the continuous bedside presence of supervisors may threaten the model of progressive independence traditionally associated with effective clinical training. Studies have shown favourable effects of closer supervision on trainees' learning, but have not paid specific attention to the learning processes involved. ⋯ The shift of responsibility for patient care occurred during both direct and distant supervision, and did not necessarily translate into a lack of opportunities for trainee participation and practice.
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The author describes a career in which he combined clinical surgery with the formal study of medical education. In the 1980s, when the author embarked on this career track, it was an uncommon pathway. Over the last 30 years there has been an exponential increase in the number of individuals who have made medical education their principal academic focus. This paper provides examples from the author's personal story and lessons derived from that experience. ⋯ The author describes several of the lessons learned in the course of his career in medical education. He argues that successful enterprises in scholarship in medicine are almost invariably the product of interdisciplinarity. He describes the power of a joint venture between a university and an academic hospital. He argues that the geographical footprint of an emerging centre is critical. He discusses the importance of graduate studentship in an emerging discipline and enterprise.