Medical education
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Review Comparative Study
Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review.
North American medical students are more depressed and anxious than their peers. In the UK, the regulator now has responsibility for medical students, which may potentially increase scrutiny of their health. This may either help or hinder medical students in accessing appropriate care. The prevalences of anxiety, depression and psychological distress in medical students outside North America are not clear. A better understanding of the prevalence of, risk factors for and results of psychological distress will guide the configuration of support services, increasingly available for doctors, for medical students too. ⋯ Prevalences of psychological distress amongst medical students outside North America are substantial. Future research should move on from simple cross-sectional studies to better-quality longitudinal work which can identify both predictors for and outcomes of poor mental health in medical students.
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In a previous study, we found that emotional intelligence (EI) mediates the negative influences of Year 1 medical students' attachment styles on their provider-patient communication (PPC). However, in that study, students were examined on a relatively straightforward PPC skill set and were not assessed on their abilities to elicit relevant clinical information from standardised patients. The influence of these psychological variables in more demanding and realistic clinical scenarios warrants investigation. ⋯ In more demanding and realistic clinical scenarios, EI makes a greater contribution towards effective PPC. Attachment is perceived to be stable from early adulthood, whereas EI can be developed using targeted educational interventions. The validation of this theoretical model of PPC in Year 2 medical students strengthens the potential educational implications of EI.
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Meta Analysis
How much evidence does it take? A cumulative meta-analysis of outcomes of simulation-based education.
Studies that investigate research questions that have already been resolved represent a waste of resources. However, the failure to collect sufficient evidence to resolve a given question results in ambiguity. ⋯ Some replication is necessary to obtain stable estimates of effect and to explore different contexts, but the number of studies of SBE often exceeds the minimum number of replications required.