Psychopharmacology
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of a novel histamine subtype-3 receptor inverse agonist and modafinil on EEG power spectra during sleep deprivation and recovery sleep in male volunteers.
Histamine and dopamine contribute to the maintenance of wakefulness. ⋯ Both MK-0249 and modafinil exert effects on the EEG which are consistent with wake promotion.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Interaction between expectancies and drug effects: an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo.
In a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial it is assumed that psychosocial effects of the treatment, regression to the mean and spontaneous remission are identical in the drug and placebo group. Consequently, any difference between the groups can be ascribed to the pharmacological effects. Previous studies suggest that side effects of drugs can enhance expectancies of treatment effects in the drug group compared to the placebo group, and thereby increase placebo responses in the drug group compared to the placebo group. ⋯ The analgesic effect of caffeine was increased by information that a painkiller was administered. This was due to an interaction of the pharmacological action of the drug and expectancies. Hence, psychosocial effects accompanying a treatment can differ when an active drug is administered compared to a placebo.