The American journal of sports medicine
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Extensor mechanism procedures that decrease the lateral component of the patellar tendon or quadriceps force acting on the patella do not consistently reduce pain. ⋯ Extensor mechanism procedures that restore patellofemoral stability may not provide pain relief.
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There are few epidemiologic studies of catastrophic baseball injuries. ⋯ Suggestions for reducing catastrophic injuries in baseball include teaching proper techniques to avoid fielding and baserunning collisions, protecting the pitcher via a combination of screens and/or helmets with faceguards, continued surveillance and modifications of the bat and ball, eliminating headfirst slides, and continued analysis of chest protectors and automatic external defibrillators for commotio cordis.
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Drilling across the physes for intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is considered risky for skeletally immature patients. ⋯ In 16 skeletally immature patients with clearly open growth plates who were Tanner stage 3 or 4, an intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed using a patellar tendon autograft with no gross growth disturbance; however, the surgical technique was meticulous for placing the bone plugs proximal to the physes, and the graft was not overtensioned.
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The quantitative relationship between increased anterior shoulder laxity and increased humeral external rotation observed in throwers remains unclear. ⋯ Repetitive excessive humeral external rotation observed in throwers may be one of the biomechanical causes for increased shoulder laxity and increased humeral external rotation.