The American journal of sports medicine
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Currently, osteochondral allografts (OCA) are typically used after 4°C storage for prolonged durations (15-43 days), which compromises chondrocyte viability, especially at the articular surface. The long-term in vivo performance of these fresh-stored allografts, in association with variable cellularity, is unknown. ⋯ Normal chondrocyte density in vivo, especially in the superficial region of cartilage, is important for maintaining long-term cartilage function and matrix content. In human cartilage, containing cells at ~3 to 5 times lower density than goat, repair outcomes may be related to absolute minimum number of cells rather than density.
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The incidence of spinal fractures varies from 1% to 17% in alpine skiing injuries. Distinctions have been made regarding the differences in the mechanisms of injury and fracture types between skiing and snowboarding. Although fracture patterns have been described, there have not been any detailed descriptions of the specific fracture types and subgroups. ⋯ Thoracic and lumbar fractures caused by skiing and snowboarding are mainly stable injuries, composed of either compression fractures, mostly simple compression injuries, or isolated transverse and spinous process fractures. Neurological injury was not seen in this study.
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Patellar tendon ruptures are rare after graft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Few reports are available in the literature. ⋯ Patellar tendon ruptures are rare after ACL graft harvest. These ruptures usually occur in either a proximal-medial and distal-lateral pattern or an entirely distal pattern, in contrast to the proximal-only tear pattern commonly observed in unharvested patellar tendons. Good objective and subjective results were achieved with repair of postoperative patellar tendon ruptures using suture anchors and Dall-Miles cable augmentation, followed by aggressive, immediate range of motion exercises.
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Ankle sprain is an extremely common injury in soccer players. Despite extensive research, the intrinsic cause of this injury under noncontact conditions remains unclear. ⋯ Functional strength asymmetries of the ankle flexors and increased body mass index and body weight raise the propensity for ankle sprains in professional soccer players. Age and asymmetries in ankle laxity are potential factors worth revisiting, as there was an indication for younger players and players with ankle instability to be at higher risk for ankle injury. Proper preseason evaluation may improve prevention strategies for this type of injury in soccer.
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Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are one of the most common forefoot injuries encountered by orthopaedic surgeons in sports medicine. The percutaneous surgical approach to Jones fracture fixation and corresponding anatomy has received little attention in the literature to date. ⋯ The standard lateral approach to the base of the fifth metatarsal carries a higher risk for surgical injury to the LDCN. A "high and inside" approach that remains superior to the superior border of the PBT is anatomically safe and may decrease the chance of intraoperative nerve injury and irritation postoperatively.