The Journal of hand surgery
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In 21 cadaver dissections the intramuscular anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve and the relative relationship of the motor and sensory components of this nerve were evaluated. Nearly one half of the fibers entering the musculocutaneous nerve terminate in cutaneous receptors. We report five cases in which biceps reinnervation was performed by a surgical technique that minimizes the period of denervation by using motor nerves (medial pectoral nerves) very close to the biceps muscle. This technique also redirects the cutaneous portion (lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve) of the musculocutaneous nerve into the biceps muscle to ensure that the motor fibers are not directed toward cutaneous receptors.
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Dynamic values of key vessel diameter, blood velocity, and flow rate in the upper extremity were obtained in 20 healthy volunteers by means of color flow Doppler imaging with a 7.5 MHz transducer. Recordings were made of the brachial, radial, posterior radial recurrent, ulnar, and digital arteries. Radial and ulnar vessels were evaluated at both wrist and midcarpal levels. ⋯ At the midcarpal level, flows ranged from 0.2 to 68.4 ml/min for the ulnar artery and from 0.8 to 42.9 ml/min for the radial artery. Variability between individuals was also demonstrated in artery dominance: eleven ulnar dominant, seven radial dominant, and two equal (within 25% of each other). The accuracy and ease of use of this technique in measurement of vessels are limited when vessels are less than 1.5 mm in diameter although the technique provides quantitative values to 0.5 mm.