The Journal of hand surgery
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Case Reports
Subcutaneous tissue emphysema of the hand secondary to noninfectious etiology: a report of two cases.
Subcutaneous emphysema of the hand can be benign and noninfectious in origin. Emphysema from gas-forming organisms is associated with systemic symptoms, whereas benign subcutaneous emphysema is not. High-pressure pneumatic tool injuries are a well-known cause of subcutaneous emphysema. ⋯ The benign nature of the emphysema was revealed by a lack of local pain and inflammation in the presence of extensive crepitus and a lack of systemic symptoms. A noninfectious cause should always be considered. This may prevent unnecessary surgical intervention, which occurred in 1 of the 2 cases presented here.
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Comparative Study
Cadaveric modeling of the pronator teres rerouting tendon transfer.
The purpose of this study is to report the biomechanics of the supination effect of the pronator teres rerouting procedure and to determine the optimum insertion point for the transfer using a cadaveric model. Pronator teres rerouting procedures were performed on 5 fresh-frozen above-elbow cadaver specimens mounted in a forearm rotation mounting frame. The pronator teres was detached from its native insertion and tested at 6 insertions on the radius. ⋯ The results of this study show that placement of the pronator teres through the interosseous membrane, around the radius, with reinsertion onto the volar surface produced the greatest amount of forearm supination. Rerouting of the pronator teres tendon produces supination through a windlass effect when the tendon is rerouted through an interosseous window and reinserted onto its original insertion or onto the volar surface of the radius. Placement of the insertion 1 cm proximal on the radius did not affect the amount of forearm supination compared with 6 original insertion sites.