Spine
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Multicenter Study
Predictors of outcome in patients with chronic back pain and low-grade spondylolisthesis.
Retrospective case series. ⋯ This investigation, although limited by a number of factors including small sample size and retrospective, unblinded review, suggests that active worker's compensation and litigation issues are associated strongly with poor results of operative management for chronic low back pain in adult patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis.