Spine
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A prospective study to locate patients with injured lateral femoral cutaneous nerve after elective spine surgery. ⋯ Injuries to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve during spine surgery are frequent, and patients should be informed of the possible risk. It usually has a benign course, but some preventive steps should be taken: keep posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine and minimize retraction when harvesting a bone graft, pad the posts of the Hall-Relton frame over the anterior superior iliac crest, and avoid traction on the psoas muscle during the retroperitoneal dissection.
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A retrospective descriptive casenote review of consecutive back pain claimants assessing claim outcome at 12 months from onset. ⋯ New Zealand's unique accident compensation environment may discourage return to work for people with back pain. New Zealand legislators should assess the impact of the ACC scheme on people with back pain, particularly in light of the recent recommendations of the International Association for the Study of Pain Task Force on Back Pain in the Workplace, that compensation cover for workers with back pain be limited to 6 weeks.
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The literature on psychological factors in neck and back pain was systematically searched and reviewed. ⋯ Psychological factors play a significant role not only in chronic pain, but also in the etiology of acute pain, particularly in the transition to chronic problems. Specific types of psychological variables emerge and may be important in distinct developmental time frames, also implying that assessment and intervention need to reflect these variables. Still, psychological factors account for only a portion of the variance, thereby highlighting the multidimensional view. Because the methodologic quality of the studies varied considerably, future research should focus on improving quality and addressing new questions such as the mechanism, the developmental time factor, and the relevance that these risk factors have for intervention.
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An animal study was performed to evaluate lumbar spinal fusion radiologically and mechanically. ⋯ Spinal arthrodesis using interconnected porous hydroxyapatite alone or mixed with bone as graft material reduced segmental motion. It was not, however, as effective as autologous bone graft material in achieving spinal arthrodesis. The sheep model using autologous bone achieved a 100% fusion rate. Because the nonunion rate for a single level in humans may be as high as 40%, the fusion rate with bone/interconnected porous hydroxyapatite in humans may be lower than the 72% found in the sheep model. The little resorption of the radiodense interconnected porous hydroxyapatite granules made the radiologic evaluation of the fusion masses difficult.
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Comparative ex vivobiomechanical study. ⋯ Augmentation with Orthocomp results in similar or greater mechanical properties compared with Simplex P, but these biomechanical results have yet to be substantiated in clinical studies.