Spine
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A prospective, cohort study of 11 patients who underwent either a posterior lumbar spinal fusion with instrumentation (n = 7) or a lumbar laminotomy and discectomy alone (n = 4) and who were evaluated by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry (DEXA) to determine bone mineral density (BMD) at the adjacent three cephalad vertebral levels. ⋯ The local BMD adjacent to an instrumented lumbar fusion is increased at a mean of 10.8-years after surgery. There is a gradual decrease in BMD changes with increasing distance from the fusion level. Alterations in fusion site biomechanics and modulus mismatch between the host bone and the spinal instrumentation most likely result in chronic, localized bone remodeling with an increased BMD that decreases the greater the distance from the fusion mass.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Initial fusion rates with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/compression resistant matrix and a hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate/collagen carrier in posterolateral spinal fusion.
Prospective, randomized, unblinded study of iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) versus recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/compression resistant matrix (rhBMP-2/CRM)in a posterolateral instrumented fusion procedure. ⋯ These early results are encouraging and suggest a more rapid incorporation and development of the fusion mass with rhBMP-2/CRM than iliac crest autograft in a single level posterior instrumented fusion.
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Comparative Study
Can vertebroplasty restore normal load-bearing to fractured vertebrae?
Cadaver motion segments were used to evaluate the effects of vertebroplasty on spinal loading following vertebral fracture. ⋯ Vertebroplasty reduces stress concentrations in the anulus and neural arch resulting in a more even distribution of compressive stress on the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies.
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Comparative Study
Experimental spinal fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered by a synthetic polymer and beta-tricalcium phosphate in a rabbit model.
An experimental animal study to achieve posterolateral intertransverse process spine fusion with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein in combination with a new delivery system. ⋯ Consistent spinal fusion was obtained by implanting a biodegradable bone-inducing implant composed of beta-TCP, PLA-DX-PEG, and rhBMP-2 within a period of 6 weeks. The rhBMP-2 doses required for the spinal fusion were significantly lower than those reported previously.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Efficacy of dilute betadine solution irrigation in the prevention of postoperative infection of spinal surgery.
Prospective, single-blinded, randomized study. ⋯ Our report is the first prospective, single-blinded, randomized study to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of dilute betadine solution irrigation for prevention of wound infection following spinal surgery. We recommended this simple and inexpensive measure following spinal surgery, particularly in patients with accidental wound contamination, risk factors for wound infection, or undergoing surgery in the absence of routine ultraviolet light, laminar flow, and isolation suits.