Spine
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Literature review. ⋯ Optimal inclusion criteria for future adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace studies consist of: age is 10 years or older when brace is prescribed, Risser 0-2, primary curve angles 25 degrees -40 degrees , no prior treatment, and, if female, either premenarchal or less than 1 year postmenarchal. Assessment of brace effectiveness should include: (1) the percentage of patients who have < or =5 degrees curve progression and the percentage of patients who have > or =6 degrees progression at maturity, (2) the percentage of patients with curves exceeding 45 degrees at maturity and the percentage who have had surgery recommended/undertaken, and (3) 2-year follow-up beyond maturity to determine the percentage of patients who subsequently undergo surgery. All patients, regardless of subjective reports on compliance, should be included in the results (intent to treat). Every study should provide results stratified by curve type and size grouping.
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Comparative Study
Apical sublaminar wires versus pedicle screws--which provides better results for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
The results of correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were compared using apical sublaminar wires versus pedicle screws. ⋯ Apical sublaminar wire and pedicle screw instrumentation both offer similar major curve correction with similar fusion lengths without neurologic problems in the operative treatment of AIS. Although more expensive, pedicle screw constructs had significantly less blood loss and slightly shorter fusion lengths than the sublaminar wire constructs.
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A retrospective longitudinal study of 434 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent surgical correction of scoliosis, while being monitored for positional brachial plexopathy. ⋯ Avoidance of neurologic injury to the brachial plexus during scoliosis surgery is possible by early detection with ulnar nerve SSEP monitoring.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance.
Clinical, radiographic, and outcomes assessment comparing two surgical techniques. Clinical data were collected prospectively. The radiographic analysis was done retrospectively. ⋯ When comparing three or more SPOs (14 patients) to one pedicle subtraction procedure (41 patients), the correction in kyphosis was nearly identical. There was a significantly greater likelihood of decompensating the patient to the concavity with three or more SPOs than with a single PSO (P < 0.02). The blood loss was substantially greater with the PSO group (P < 0.001).
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Comparative Study
Thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves between 70 degrees and 100 degrees: is anterior release necessary?
A retrospective review of adolescents with main thoracic scoliotic curves surgically treated with either anterior release and posterior fusion or posterior fusion only. ⋯ APSF of large thoracic curves allows greater coronal correction of thoracic curves between 70 degrees and 100 degrees, when compared with PSF alone using thoracic hook constructs, but not with the use of thoracic pedicle screw constructs. Scoliosis surgeons not using pedicle screw constructs need to decide if the modest improvement in coronal correction with a combined approach justifies its routine use in this patient population.