Spine
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Review Case Reports
Three-column ligamentous extension injury of the thoracic spine: a case report and review of the literature.
This is a report of a patient with a rare unstable 3-column ligamentous injury of the thoracic spine. ⋯ A high index of suspicion is necessary to identify such extremely unstable injury despite its relative benign clinical and radiologic presentation.
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Systematic Review. ⋯ Pain has a central role to play as a prognostic factor for the development of LWS. Other physical factors commonly used in the clinical setting showed inconclusive evidence for their influence on prognosis. There is a need for improved quality of studies with consistent use of validated measures of all categories of prognostic factors and outcome. This may then provide a clearer understanding of prognosis of Whiplash Associated Disorders and therefore facilitate effective management of this costly problem.
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Systematic Review. ⋯ Pain has a central role to play as a prognostic factor for the development of LWS. Other physical factors commonly used in the clinical setting showed inconclusive evidence for their influence on prognosis. There is a need for improved quality of studies with consistent use of validated measures of all categories of prognostic factors and outcome. This may then provide a clearer understanding of prognosis of Whiplash Associated Disorders and therefore facilitate effective management of this costly problem.