Spine
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Primary clinical trial of limited fixation for unstable Atlas fracture. ⋯ Osteosynthesis of the atlas by C1 lateral mass screws C2 pedicle screws and crosslink compression fixation is an ideal option for C1 burst fracture with or without rupture of the transverse ligament. The procedure allows for partially physiologic reconstruction of the C0-C1-C2 joint and shortens external fixation.
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The effect of postural change on degenerative lumbar discs was quantified using novel kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (kMRI). ⋯ Disc bulging increases with the severity of disc degeneration. Grade I discs demonstrate the expected sagittal migration in response to postural load. However, more degenerative discs behave less predictably, and spine extension may result in significant posterior disc bulging. Degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc significantly affect the kinematic patterns under postural load in vivo. kMRI is a useful tool to quantify the kinematic behavior of degenerative intervertertebral discs.