Spine
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Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), radiological, and histological analyses of the rat ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) induced by cyclic tensile stress. ⋯ Cyclic tensile stress to the ligamentum flavum in rats can induce the OLF, and the longer the duration, the more visible the osteogenesis. The upregulation and synergism of osteogenesis-related molecules may contribute to the OLF induced by tensile stress.Level of Evidence: N/A.