Spine
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A retrospective cohort study. ⋯ Preexisting SAS lesions were associated with aggravation. Meanwhile, biologics may be effective at preventing aggravation.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected database. ⋯ Isolated restoration per the Roussouly system was not associated with superior outcomes. Patients who both matched Roussouly type and improved in Schwab modifiers had superior patient-reported outcomes at 2-years. Concurrent consideration of both systems may offer utility in establishing optimal realignment goals.Level of Evidence: 3.
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A case-control study. ⋯ Paraspinal approach is a good manner to protect deep extensor muscles; the two modified LPs have similar effects on clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence: 3.
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An analytical cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) study. ⋯ By using an accurate measuring tool, we found an association of the deep and superficial neck muscles' CSA with upper extremities' pain and disability. When performing manual work, a special load is placed on the shoulders and neck muscles. Future research should focus on examining the effectiveness of exercise-type intervention programs to strengthen the deep neck and upper extremities' muscles in order to prevent muscle fatigue.Level of Evidence: 2.