Spine
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An analytical cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) study. ⋯ By using an accurate measuring tool, we found an association of the deep and superficial neck muscles' CSA with upper extremities' pain and disability. When performing manual work, a special load is placed on the shoulders and neck muscles. Future research should focus on examining the effectiveness of exercise-type intervention programs to strengthen the deep neck and upper extremities' muscles in order to prevent muscle fatigue.Level of Evidence: 2.
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Cohort study. ⋯ DA provides good clinical outcome at 2-year follow-up in patients with LSS and DS with low rate of intra- and postoperative complications and subsequent surgery. Our data supports the evidence that DA is effective and safe for LSS with DS.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Observational Study
A Prospective, 3-year Longitudinal Study of Modic Changes of the Lumbar Spine in a Population-based Cohort: The Wakayama Spine Study.
Large-scale, prospective, population-based, longitudinal observational study. ⋯ This study revealed a high incidence of MCs at the upper lumbar levels and transformation at the lower lumbar levels. Reverse transformation of MCs occurs but are rare.Level of Evidence: 2.
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Prospective cohort study. ⋯ Compared with MI-TLIF, OLIF showed similar results in terms of patient-reported outcomes, restoration of SLA and fusion rate, and superior results with respect to restoration of DH and LLA, operation time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and serum CK levels (1 day postoperatively). Even though the complication rate of OLIF is higher than that of MI-TLIF, it does not bring persistent and substantial damage to the patients.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ Among ASD patients undergoing long-segment primary fusion to the pelvis, the risk of PJF was lower among patients with less than 1.8 screws per level. This finding may be related to construct rigidity. Residual confounding by other patient and surgeon-specific characteristics may exist. Further biomechanical and clinical studies exploring this relationship are warranted.Level of Evidence: 3.