Spine
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Animal experiment: a mouse model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration induced by deletion of apolipoprotein E (apoE). ⋯ N/A.
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A controlled laboratory study. ⋯ A decrease in bone strength was observed 2 weeks after irradiation. Bone mineral density remained unaltered, whereas the microstructure of trabecular bone changed, suggesting bone damage by irradiation.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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A cross-sectional study. ⋯ 4.
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Multiround wiki-based Delphi expert panel survey. ⋯ These 27 LBP clinical indicators can be used by healthcare consumers, clinicians, researchers, policy makers/ funders, and insurers to guide and monitor the provision of "appropriate care" for LBP.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Retrospective, cross-sectional study. ⋯ The findings can be used as foundational data for experts such as health care policymakers, clinicians, and researchers.Level of Evidence: 4.