Psychoneuroendocrinology
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Psychoneuroendocrinology · Sep 2011
Increased cortisol concentrations in hair of severely traumatized Ugandan individuals with PTSD.
Previous research has mostly suggested general hypocortisolism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PTSD is a complex disorder and opposite neuroendocrinological changes have also been reported. Amongst other things, heterogeneous results might be related to differences in sample characteristics as well as methodological factors associated with the assessment of cortisol. ⋯ Furthermore, a positive association between hair cortisol levels and the number of lifetime traumatic events was found (p<.05). The current hair cortisol findings suggest that PTSD in severely traumatized individuals who continue to live under stressful conditions might be associated with general hypercortisolism. Future research examining participants after traumatic events at different follow-up periods is needed to determine the specific influence of time interval since traumatization.
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Psychoneuroendocrinology · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of hormonal contraceptives on mental rotation and verbal fluency.
Cognitive abilities, such as verbal fluency and mental rotation, are most sensitive to changes in sex steroids but poorly studied in the context of hormonal contraceptive usage. Therefore, we investigated the performance of mental rotation and verbal fluency in young (21.5±1.8 years) healthy oral contraceptive (OC) users (23 women) and non-users (20 women) during the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Salivary 17β-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels were assayed to evaluate hormonal differences between groups and the phases of the menstrual cycle. ⋯ The parameters of the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) scales did not differ between OC users and non-users. Our findings show that hormonal contraception has an impact on verbal and spatial abilities. Different performances between users of oral contraceptives with androgenic and anti-androgenic properties suggest an essential role for the progestins contained in OCs on cognitive performance.