Skeletal radiology
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To give a systematic overview of current diagnostic imaging options for assessment of the distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis. ⋯ Conventional radiographs cannot predict syndesmotic injuries reliably. CT scans outperform plain radiographs in detecting syndesmotic mal-reduction. Additionally, the syndesmotic interval can be assessed in greater detail by CT. MRI measurements achieve a sensitivity and specificity of nearly 100%; however, correlating MRI findings with patients' complaints is difficult, and utility with subtle syndesmotic instability needs further investigation. Overall, the methodological quality of these studies was satisfactory.
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To determine the diagnostic yield of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of densely sclerotic bone lesions. ⋯ Densely sclerotic bone lesions are amenable to percutaneous needle biopsy.