Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Aug 2005
Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialPreschool vision screening tests administered by nurse screeners compared with lay screeners in the vision in preschoolers study.
To compare the performance of nurse screeners with that of lay screeners in administering preschool vision screening tests. ⋯ Nurse and lay screeners can achieve similar sensitivity, when specificity is set at 0.90, for detecting preschool children in need of a comprehensive eye examination.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Aug 2005
Identification of sequential events and factors associated with microglial activation, migration, and cytotoxicity in retinal degeneration in rd mice.
To elucidate the role of activated microglia in the photoreceptor apoptosis of rd mice by identifying sequential events and factors associated with microglial activation, migration, and cytotoxicity during retinal degeneration. ⋯ Activation of microglia, as well as expression of their signaling molecules (chemokines) and microglia-derived toxic factor (TNF-alpha), coincides with or precedes the occurrence of photoreceptor apoptosis, suggesting activated microglia play a major role in retinal degeneration in rd mice. The chemokines MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES are involved in activation and recruitment of the microglia to the degenerating photoreceptor cell layer. TNF-alpha, produced by the activated microglia, may accentuate the photoreceptor cell death.