Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
-
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2014
Comparative StudyWhite matter consequences of retinal receptor and ganglion cell damage.
Patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) have central vision loss; but CRD damages the retinal photoreceptor layer, and LHON damages the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Using diffusion MRI, we measured how these two types of retinal damage affect the optic tract (ganglion cell axons) and optic radiation (geniculo-striate axons). ⋯ Both photoreceptor layer (CRD) and retinal ganglion cell (LHON) retinal disease causes substantial change in the visual white matter. These changes can be measured using diffusion MRI. The diffusion changes measured in the optic tract and the optic radiation differ, suggesting that they are caused by different biological mechanisms.
-
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2014
Comparative StudyNK1 receptor antagonists as a new treatment for corneal neovascularization.
To determine whether the inhibition of Substance P (SP) activity can reduce corneal neovascularization (CNV) by means of local administration of high-affinity, competitive, tachykinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists Lanepitant and Befetupitant. ⋯ The NK1R antagonist Lanepitant is safe for the ocular surface and effective in reducing both corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and leukocyte infiltration. We suggest that inhibition of NK1R may represent an adjunctive tool in the treatment of CNV.
-
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2014
Prevalence and implications of TERT promoter mutation in uveal and conjunctival melanoma and in benign and premalignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
Hot-spot mutations in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT promoter mutations) occur frequently in cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma and are exceedingly rare in uveal melanoma. No information is available on the presence of these mutations in the conjunctival melanocytic precursor lesion primary acquired melanosis (PAM). We tested a cohort of uveal and conjunctival melanomas as well as conjunctival benign and premalignant melanocytic lesions for TERT promoter mutations in order to elucidate the role of these mutations in tumor progression. ⋯ We present the second documented case of TERT promoter mutation in uveal melanoma. In comparison with other types of melanoma, TERT promoter mutations occur at extremely low frequency in uveal melanoma. TERT promoter mutations are frequent in conjunctival melanoma and occur at lower frequency in PAM with atypia but were not detected in benign conjunctival melanocytic lesions. These findings favor a pathogenetic tumor progression role for TERT promoter mutations in conjunctival melanocytic lesions.