Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Jan 2013
Symmetry of the pupillary light reflex and its relationship to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual field defect.
To assess the relationship between the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. ⋯ As measured by this particular device, the PLR is strongly correlated with VF functional testing and measurements of RNFL thickness.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Dec 2012
Sphingosine 1-phosphate elicits proinflammatory responses in ARPE-19 cells.
To investigate the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on the production of inflammatory mediators and the signaling pathways involved in S1P-mediated production of cytokines by ARPE-19 cells. ⋯ This study demonstrates that S1P significantly promoted ARPE-19 cells to secrete inflammatory mediators. extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and G(i)-dependent pathways are important signaling components in S1P-mediated IL-8 secretion by ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, these results provide evidence that S1P stimulation of RPE cells may play a role in regulating leukocyte function during ocular inflammation.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Oct 2012
Menthol activation of corneal cool cells induces TRPM8-mediated lacrimation but not nociceptive responses in rodents.
Stimulation to the cornea via noxious chemical and mechanical means evokes tearing, blinking, and pain. In contrast, mild cooling of the ocular surface has been reported to increase lacrimation via activation of corneal cool primary afferent neurons. The purpose of our study was to determine whether menthol induces corneal cool cell activity and lacrimation via the transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channel without evoking nociceptive responses. ⋯ These studies indicated that low concentrations of menthol can increase lacrimation via TRPM8 channels without evoking nocifensive behaviors. At high concentrations, menthol can induce lacrimation and nocifensive behaviors in a TRPM8 independent mechanism. The increase in lacrimation is likely due to an increase in cool cell activity.