Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2011
Comparative StudyComparison of standard automated perimetry, frequency-doubling technology perimetry, and short-wavelength automated perimetry for detection of glaucoma.
To compare the performance of standard automated perimetry (SAP), frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in detecting glaucoma. ⋯ The performance for glaucoma detection was comparable between FDT perimetry and SAP. FDT perimetry had a higher sensitivity for detecting glaucoma than did SWAP at a comparable level of specificity.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2011
Increased Toll-like receptor-2 expression on nonclassic CD16+ monocytes from patients with inflammatory stage of Eales' disease.
To identify the distribution, differential Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and functional contribution of monocyte subpopulations in the inflammatory stage of Eales' disease (ED). ⋯ These results indicate that in the pathogenesis of ED, TLR activation and increased numbers of nonclassic CD16⁺ monocytes are crucial regulators, along with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that perpetuate the inflammatory process in the retina.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Sep 2011
Diffusion tensor imaging detects retinal ganglion cell axon damage in the mouse model of optic nerve crush.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures the random motion of water molecules reflecting central nervous system tissue integrity and pathology. Glaucoma damages retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. The authors hypothesized that DTI-derived axonal and myelin injury biomarkers may be used to detect early axonal damage and may be correlated with RGC loss in the mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC). ⋯ The authors demonstrated that in vivo DTI detected axonal injury earlier than SMI-31. Results suggest that in vivo DTI of optic nerve injury may be used as a noninvasive tool for assessing the pathogenesis of RGC axonal injury.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Aug 2011
Toward a clinical protocol for assessing rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the human pupil response.
PURPOSE. To better understand the relative contributions of rod, cone, and melanopsin to the human pupillary light reflex (PLR) and to determine the optimal conditions for assessing the health of the rod, cone, and melanopsin pathways with a relatively brief clinical protocol. METHODS. ⋯ With the clinical protocol, robust melanopsin responses could be seen in patients with few or no contributions from the rods and cones. CONCLUSIONS. It is possible to assess the rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the PLR with blue flashes at two or three intensity levels in the dark and one red flash on a blue background.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Aug 2011
Downregulation of glutamine synthetase via GLAST suppression induces retinal axonal swelling in a rat ex vivo hydrostatic pressure model.
PURPOSE. High levels of glutamate can be toxic to retinal GCs. Thus, effective buffering of extracellular glutamate is important in preserving retinal structure and function. ⋯ MSO did not depress GLAST expression but TFB-TBOA significantly suppressed GS, suggesting that downregulation of GS during pressure loading may result from impaired GLAST expression. CONCLUSIONS. The retina is at risk during acute intraocular pressure elevation due to downregulation of GS activity resulting from depressed GLAST expression.