Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Apr 2008
Mitochondrial complex I defect induces ROS release and degeneration in trabecular meshwork cells of POAG patients: protection by antioxidants.
There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The authors provide evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is a possible mechanism for the loss of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in persons with POAG. ⋯ The authors propose that a mitochondrial complex I defect is associated with the degeneration of TM cells in patients with POAG, and antioxidants and MPT inhibitors can reduce the progression of this condition.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Apr 2008
Substance P promotes susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in resistant mice: anti-inflammatory mediators downregulated.
Studies have shown that blocking substance P (SP) binding to neurokinin 1 receptor with spantide I prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced corneal perforation in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. This study tested the effect of SP injection on the resistance response (cornea heals) of BALB/c mice. ⋯ These data provide evidence that the neuropeptide SP, among its broad systemic effects, is a potent neuroimmunoregulator that promotes susceptibility in the resistant BALB/c mouse by overcoming the anti-inflammatory effects of VIP and IL-10 and that a balance between SP and VIP levels may be critical in disease resolution.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Mar 2008
Bayesian machine learning classifiers for combining structural and functional measurements to classify healthy and glaucomatous eyes.
To determine whether combining structural (optical coherence tomography, OCT) and functional (standard automated perimetry, SAP) measurements as input for machine learning classifiers (MLCs; relevance vector machine, RVM; and subspace mixture of Gaussians, SSMoG) improves diagnostic accuracy for detecting glaucomatous eyes compared with using each measurement method alone. ⋯ RVM and SSMoG Bayesian MLCs trained on OCT and SAP data can successfully discriminate between healthy and early glaucomatous eyes. Combining OCT and SAP measurements using RVM and SSMoG increased diagnostic performance marginally compared with MLC analysis of data obtained using each technology alone.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Jan 2008
Modeling of corneal and retinal pharmacokinetics after periocular drug administration.
To develop pharmacokinetics models to describe the disposition of small lipophilic molecules in the cornea and retina after periocular (subconjunctival or posterior subconjunctival) administration. ⋯ Corneal and retinal pharmacokinetics of small lipophilic molecules after periocular administration can be described by compartment models. The modeling analysis shows that (1) leak-back from the site of administration most likely contributes to the apparent lack of an increase phase in corneal concentrations; (2) elimination via the conjunctival or periocular blood and lymphatic systems contributes significantly to drug clearance after periocular injection; (3) corneal pharmacokinetics of small lipophilic molecules can be explained by using similar models in rats and rabbits; and (4) although there are differences in some retinal pharmacokinetics parameters between the pigmented and nonpigmented rats, the physiological basis of these differences has yet to be ascertained.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Jan 2008
Heritability of anterior chamber depth as an intermediate phenotype of angle-closure in Chinese: the Guangzhou Twin Eye Study.
To assess the heritability of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and relative anterior chamber depth (ACD/axial length, rACD) in Chinese in a classic twin study. ⋯ Additive genetic effects appear to be the major contributor to the variation of ACD and rACD in Chinese population. High heritability remained even when the data were corrected for the influence of myopia.