Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the analgesic efficacy, onset of action, and tolerability of ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen in postoperative dental pain.
Because of its enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics, ibuprofen arginate might be expected to provide faster pain relief than standard ibuprofen formulations in patients experiencing acute pain. ⋯ Ibuprofen arginate was effective in this population of patients experiencing moderate to severe pain after surgical extraction of > or = 1 impacted third molar, with 16 to 24 minutes' faster time to meaningful pain relief than with ibuprofen. The 2 formulations had similar tolerability profiles.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialRandomized, double-blind, multicenter comparison of oral cefditoren 200 or 400 mg BID with either cefuroxime 250 mg BID or cefadroxil 500 mg BID for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.
Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are commonly observed in medical practice. Because these infections typically are confined to the superficial layers and seldom lead to the destruction of skin structures and resultant systemic dissemination, in general they can be treated with an oral antibiotic with potent microbiologic activity against gram-positive pathogens. ⋯ In this population of patients with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections, including those due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, the clinical cure rate and tolerability of cefditoren were comparable to those of cefuroxime and cefadroxil.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialDouble-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy.
Patients receiving general anesthesia during thyroidectomy have a high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting. ⋯ In this population of patients receiving general anesthesia while undergoing thyroidectomy, ramosetron 0.3 mg was effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting 0 to 48 hours after anesthesia. Increasing the dose to 0.6 mg provided no demonstrable benefit.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily losartan 100 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in the treatment of moderate-to-severe essential hypertension.
Many patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension require multiple drug therapy to achieve blood-pressure goals. Fixed-dose combination therapy with losartan and hydrochlorothiazide may be useful in this population. ⋯ This study demonstrates the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the once-daily, fixed-dose combination L50/12.5 in patients with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension. In this study, L100/25 provided additional anti-hypertensive efficacy beyond that of L50/12.5 (and both were more efficacious than PBO). Approximately 4 of 5 patients (78.9%) treated with L50/12.5 responded to therapy, as did nearly 9 of 10 patients (86.7%) treated with L100/25. The tolerability profiles of L50/12.5 and L100/25 were similar to that of PBO.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam when administered by continuous infusion and intermittent dosing.
Although intermittent bolus dosing is currently the standard of practice for many antimicrobial agents, beta-lactams exhibit time-dependent bacterial killing. Maximizing the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a pathogen is the best pharmacodynamic predictor of efficacy. Use of a continuous infusion has been advocated for maximizing the time above the MIC compared with intermittent bolus dosing. ⋯ Piperacillin 12 g/tazobactam 1.5 g continuous infusion consistently resulted in serum concentrations above the breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae and many of the susceptible strains of P aeruginosa in this study in 11 healthy subjects. Randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to determine the appropriate dose of piperacillin/tazobactam.