Clinical therapeutics
-
Clinical therapeutics · Sep 2006
ReviewIntervention strategies for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury.
Accumulating evidence points to an evolving process of brain injury after intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia that initiates in utero and extends into a recovery period. It is during this recovery period that the potential for neuroprotection exists. ⋯ Much progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms contributing to ongoing brain injury after intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia. This should facilitate more specific pharmacologic intervention strategies that might provide neuroprotection during the reperfusion phase of injury.
-
Clinical therapeutics · Sep 2006
ReviewEthical challenges in neonatal research: Summary report of the ethics group of the newborn drug development initiative.
The Newborn Drug Development Initiative (NDDI) was established to address the lack of substantive data supporting efficacy and safety of drugs in the neonate. ⋯ Multisite collaboration involving standards of care and institutional review board procedures may be important for establishing scientific and ethical consistency. Ongoing dialogue among researchers, clinicians, parents, and other interested parties is essential to promoting ethically and scientifically sound neonatal clinical research.
-
Clinical therapeutics · Sep 2006
Adherence to infectious diseases society of America guidelines for empiric therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in a commercially insured cohort.
There is little published research addressing how the 2003 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are implemented in clinical practice. ⋯ Although these data reflect a period shortly after the 2003 IDSA guidelines were published, they suggest that there is room for improvement with regard to choice of empiric antibiotic therapy among these patients with CAP treated in ambulatory settings.
-
Despite increasing investigation in the area of cardiovascular instability in preterm infants, huge gaps in knowledge remain. None of the current treatments for hypotension, including the use of inotropic agents, have been well studied in the preterm population, and data regarding safety and efficacy are lacking. Thus, the labeling information regarding the use of inotropes as therapeutic agents in this population is inadequate. ⋯ This summary is intended to stimulate and assist future research in the area of cardiovascular support for preterm infants.
-
Clinical therapeutics · Sep 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialAnalgesic efficacy of the cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donor AZD3582 in postoperative dental pain: Comparison with naproxen and rofecoxib in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
This study assessed the analgesic efficacy of single doses of 4-(nitrooxy)butyl-(2S)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propanoate (AZD3582) in acute postoperative dental pain after the removal of an impacted mandibular third molar (ie, wisdom tooth). ⋯ AZD3582 750 mg had similar analgesic efficacy as equimolar doses of naproxen, but noninferiority to rofecoxib was not demonstrated.