Revista de neurologia
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The stiff-man syndrome (SPR) is a rare neurological condition characterized by the presence of marked, involuntary rigidity of the axial muscles and limbs, together with intense painful muscle spasms which characteristically occur following external stimuli such as sudden noises, brusque movements or emotional stimuli. Symptoms are markedly improved by sleep and by diazepam. The aetiology is unknown, although it is associated with certain auto-immune disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus (DM) and others such as thyroid disease, vitiligo, pernicious anaemia, adrenal insufficiency, etc. The presence of high titres of glutamate-decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies seems to indicate an auto-immune aetiology. ⋯ A new case of the 'stiff-man' syndrome is presented and aspects of aetiopathology and treatment are reviewed.
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Revista de neurologia · Jul 1997
Case Reports[Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated to subhyaloid hemorrhage: "Terson syndrome"].
The combination of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and subhyaloid hemorrhage is known as 'Terson syndrome'. Retinal hemorrhage is commonly observed clinically in the optic fundi of patients with SAH, however, subhyaloid hemorrhage of the globe in the setting of SAH has been rarely on CT of the brain. Several mechanisms of subhyaloid hemorrhage have been proposed: a. A sudden increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) forces blood from the subarachnoid space directly into the preretinal space. b. A sudden rise in ICP is thought to decrease venous return to the cavernous sinus from the veins draining the globe. The increased retinal venous pressure results in stasis followed by vessel rupture. c. A sudden rise in ICP obstructs both the retinochoroidal anastomoses and the central retinal vein due to a rapid effusion of CSF through the communication of the subarachnoid space with the optic nerve sheat. This produces an acute decrease in venous drainage from the retina and results in stasis and hemorrhage. ⋯ We report a case of Terson syndrome demonstrated by CT. This CT allow see the blood from the subarachnoid space erupt directly into the preretinal space through optic nerve sheath, confirming one the proposed mechanism for this syndrome.