Revista de neurologia
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Revista de neurologia · Mar 2011
Review[Review of the target for the deep brain stimulation of chronic cluster headache].
Cluster headache is included in the group of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Although the pathophysiology of cluster headache has not yet been sufficiently established, the theory of a central origin tells us that this headache is produced by hypothalamic dysfunction. More than 50 patients have been treated with deep brain stimulation of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus from 2001. ⋯ The surgical target that have been used until now is based on the origin of the cluster headache in the hypothalamic dysfunction. Nevertheless, It has still some open questions as the lack of proving the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is the real origin of the cluster headache, the lack of consensus about the anatomy of the surgical target and the variability of the structures stimulated with the surgery. The aim of this article is a review of the target used and propose another surgical target based on physiopathological concepts to explain the improvement with the deep brain stimulation in these patients.
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Revista de neurologia · Mar 2011
Review[Involvement of vesicular monoamine transporter in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].
A number of genetic and neuroimagen proofs support the idea that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a neurobiological alteration. Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are important proteins that regulate the intraneuronal monoamine concentration and disposition as this protein sequesters cytoplasmic dopamine within synaptic vesicles thus contributing to subsequent excitotoxic release. ⋯ Since dopamine and other monoamines (epinephrine and serotonine) play a role in ADHD, and methylphenidate, an usual treatment for this type of patients, modifies the VMAT2 activity, we may argue that VMAT2 is involved in ADHD pathogeny.