Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
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Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. · Sep 2017
Review Meta AnalysisAcute Alcohol Exposure and Risk of Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), patients usually live with significant disability and socioeconomic burdens. Acute exposure to alcohol is considered a major risk factor for TBI. Numerous studies have examined whether alcohol exposure is related to the risk of mortality in patients with TBI, yet the results remain inconsistent. ⋯ Whether positive BAC at the time of admission after TBI reduces mortality rate compared with the rate under negative BAC remains unknown. In addition, low BAC (1 to 100 mg/dl) poses a risk of mortality compared with higher BAC. Further studies assessing the effect of alcohol between the BAC-positive group and the BAC-negative group are still needed.
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Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. · Jan 2016
Review Meta AnalysisWorldwide Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review Including Meta-Analysis.
Although fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) affect communities worldwide, little is known about its prevalence. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the global FASD prevalence. ⋯ The worldwide pooled prevalence estimates are higher than assumed so far, but this was largely explained by geography and descent. Furthermore, prevalence studies varied considerably in terms of used methodology and methodological quality. The pooled estimates must therefore be interpreted with caution and for future research it is highly recommended to report methodology in a more comprehensive way. Finally, clear guidelines on assessing FASD prevalence are urgently needed, and a first step toward these guidelines is presented.
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Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. · Oct 2014
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyPredictors of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Severity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is associated with hospital mortality and length of stay. However, as there is no consensus regarding how to predict the development of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS), we sought to determine independent predictors of SAWS. ⋯ The course of prior episodes of AWS is the most reliable predictor of subsequent episodes. Thrombocytopenia and hypokalemia also correlate with SAWS. We propose further research into drinking patterns, gender, and medical comorbidities.
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Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. · Jan 2013
Meta AnalysisA meta-analysis on the impact of alcohol dependence on short-term resting-state heart rate variability: implications for cardiovascular risk.
Alcohol dependence is associated with an increased likelihood of cardiac events. Reductions in heart rate variability (HRV) may be one mechanism linking dependence with these events. HRV may also be related to poor social functioning and the lack of impulse control commonly observed in alcohol-dependent individuals. However, prior studies on the impact of alcohol dependence on HRV have reported contradictory findings highlighting the need for a meta-analysis. ⋯ Alcohol dependence is associated with reduced HRV, an effect associated with a medium effect size. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring alcohol-dependent patients for cardiac disease and emphasize the need for cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in these patients.
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Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. · Feb 2012
Review Meta AnalysisAlcohol dehydrogenase-1B Arg47His polymorphism and upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk: a meta-analysis including 24,252 subjects.
Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) include malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, account for approximately 4% of all new cancers in world. Alcohol drinking is an established risk factor for UADT cancers, and the rate of alcohol metabolism could significantly been influenced by genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) His47Arg (rs1229984). To evaluate whether combined evidence shows ADH1B His47Arg as a common genetic variant that influenced the risk of UADT cancers, we considered all available studies in a meta-analysis. ⋯ ADH1B 47Arg allele is a common genetic variant that increased the risk of UADT cancers; furthermore, it modulates the susceptibility to UADT cancers coupled with alcohol drinking and interaction with the ALDH2 487Lys allele.