Annals of neurology
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Patients with epilepsy are often concerned that switching between brand-name and generic formulations of antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs) may cause clinically significant changes in plasma drug concentrations. We assessed bioequivalence (BE) studies for approved generic AEDs to evaluate US Food and Drug Administration claims that: (1) generic AEDs are accurate copies of reference formulations; (2) delivery of reference formulations may be as variable as generic AEDs and so provide no increased benefit; and (3) switches between generic AED formulations are safe and effective. ⋯ Most generic AED products provide total drug delivery (AUC) similar to reference products; differences in peak concentrations between formulations are more common. Switches between generic AED products may cause greater changes in plasma drug concentrations than generic substitutions of reference products.
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Annals of neurology · Aug 2011
Measurement of intraocular and intracranial pressure: is there a relationship?
To study whether noninvasive, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements significantly correlate with standard intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements. ⋯ No significant relationship between ICP and IOP was observed. Noninvasive IOP measurements do not predict ICP.
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To investigate whether inhibition of mitochondrial p53 association using pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ) represents a potential novel neuroprotective strategy to combat perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage. ⋯ We are the first to show that prevention of mitochondrial p53 association by PFT-μ strongly improves functional outcome and decreases lesion size after neonatal HI. PFT-μ not only inhibits mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, but also inhibits oxidative stress. We propose that as a consequence nuclear accumulation of p53 and transcription of proapoptotic target genes are prevented. In conclusion, targeting p53 mitochondrial association by PFT-μ may develop into a novel and powerful neuroprotective strategy.
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The aim of this study was to compare children and young adults with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in 2 large registries. ⋯ Although stroke etiology and risk factors in children and young adults are different, stroke severity and clinical outcome were similar in both groups.