AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2002
ReviewDependent pooling: a contrast-enhanced sign of cardiac arrest during CT.
The purpose of this study is to describe the imaging features of cardiac arrest that occur during CT. ⋯ CT features of cardiac arrest are characterized by a pooling of contrast agent in the dependent parts of the right side of the body, including the venous system and the right lobe of the liver. If medical professionals are aware of these specific imaging features, prompt cardiac resuscitation can be initiated to avoid permanent brain damage and death.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 1995
ReviewInterventional radiology of the chest: image-guided percutaneous drainage of pleural effusions, lung abscess, and pneumothorax.
Percutaneous catheter drainage of intrathoracic collections has developed as a natural extension of similar interventional radiologic procedures in the abdomen. The advent of CT and sonography, which allow detection and characterization of pleural and parenchymal collections, combined with advances in drainage catheter design and interventional techniques, have made imaging-guided management of intrathoracic collections a safe and effective alternative to traditional surgical therapy. This article begins with a review of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of parapneumonic pleural effusion, which remains the most common indication for image-guided percutaneous drainage. Subsequent sections consider issues related to percutaneous drainage of malignant pleural effusion, lung abscess, and pneumothorax.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jan 1995
ReviewImaging of acute injuries of the cervical spine: value of plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging.
Imaging of injuries of the cervical spine has undergone substantial changes in the past 10 years. The use of CT and MR imaging has been emphasized by many authors. ⋯ This review explores the usefulness of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis and management of acute injuries of the cervical spine and emphasizes the continued importance of conventional radiography. Specific examples that illustrate the relative merits of plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging are shown.
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Nosocomial (i.e., originating or taking place in a hospital) pneumonia is the leading cause of death from acquired nosocomial infections. The estimated prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units ranges from 10% to 65%, with fatality rates of 13-55%. ⋯ Recent investigations have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of VAP, and improved techniques have been developed for its diagnosis. Most important, emerging clinical data now suggest that new management strategies for VAP, including more specific indications for antimicrobial use, may significantly improve patients' outcomes.