AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jan 1995
The intracranial venous system in infants: normal and abnormal findings on duplex and color Doppler sonography.
Venous hypertension has been implicated as an important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury under a variety of circumstances, such as periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in the preterm infant [1], cerebrovascular injury after treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [2], and thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. Although duplex and color Doppler sonographic techniques have been used to evaluate the intracranial arterial tree for several years, little attention has been paid to the role of Doppler techniques in the evaluation of the cerebral venous system. We describe the appearance of the normal infantile cerebral venous system on color and duplex Doppler sonograms and present a spectrum of abnormalities in venous hemodynamics in critically ill infants with the goal of familiarizing readers with the clinical potential of this technique.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jan 1995
Comparative StudyStaging urinary bladder cancer: value of T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared-rapid gradient-echo and two-dimensional spin-echo sequences.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a magnetization prepared-rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence as a three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging technique for staging urinary bladder cancer and to compare this technique with a commonly used two-dimensional T1-weighted spin-echo sequence technique. ⋯ Compared with two-dimensional T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, three-dimensional MP-RAGE imaging resulted in a 15% improvement in staging. Our findings suggest that optimal staging of urinary bladder carcinoma requires three-dimensional imaging techniques.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jan 1995
Complete dislocation of the knee: spectrum of associated soft-tissue injuries depicted by MR imaging.
Complete knee dislocation is a rare injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of injuries that are depicted by MR imaging in patients with a dislocation of the knee and to determine if there is any predictive factor that might indicate those patients who may be at risk for popliteal nerve injury. ⋯ Knee dislocations cause extensive disruption of the ligaments that stabilize the knee and the surrounding soft-tissue structures, including the popliteal artery. Nearly all will result in disruption of the cruciate ligments and, often, injury of the collateral ligaments. An injury to the popliteal tendon denotes a more severe injury. The mechanism of injury that results in a popliteal tendon tear may also increase the possibility of a peroneal nerve injury. Recognition of this pattern of injuries on MR imaging enables precautionary observation for ischemic changes of the foot to be instituted in patients that otherwise may not be considered at risk for acute vascular compromise.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Dec 1994
Detection of pooled secretions above endotracheal-tube cuffs: value of plain radiographs in sheep cadavers and patients.
Mechanical ventilation is thought to increase the risk of nosocomial pneumonia by permitting leakage of bacteria-laden gastro-oropharyngeal secretions into the upper airways. The goal of this study was (a) to validate radiographic signs of pooled secretions above endotracheal-tube cuffs (supracuff liquid) in an animal model and (b) to determine whether suctionable pooled supracuff liquid can be identified on bedside radiographs of intubated patients. ⋯ Radiography is a sensitive means of identifying small volumes of supracuff liquid above the inflated cuffs of endotracheal tubes. Potentially contaminating liquid pooled above the cuff of an endotracheal tube can be identified in about half of patients undergoing short-term mechanical ventilation. Our results suggest the suction of the supracuff space may be a reasonable prophylactic maneuver against nosocomial pneumonia. A much larger study is suggested to investigate the actual relation between pooled supracuff liquid and the development of nosocomial pneumonia.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Dec 1994
Thoracostomy tubes after acute chest injury: relationship between location in a pleural fissure and function.
The purpose of this study was to determine how often chest tubes placed for acute trauma lie within a pleural fissure and to determine whether an intrapleural location influences outcome. ⋯ A large percentage of tubes placed for acute chest trauma lie within a pleural fissure. These tubes, however, appear to function as effectively as those located elsewhere in the pleural space.