AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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The purposes of this article are to review the indications for and the materials and designs of hardware more commonly used in the lumbar spine; to discuss alternatives for each of the types of hardware; to review normal postoperative imaging findings; to describe the appropriateness of different imaging modalities for postoperative evaluation; and to show examples of hardware complications. ⋯ Stabilization and fusion of the lumbar spine with intervertebral disk replacement, artificial ligaments, spinous process distraction devices, plate-and-rod systems, dynamic posterior fusion devices, and newer types of material incorporation are increasingly more common in contemporary surgical practice. These spinal hardware devices will be seen more often in radiology practice. Successful postoperative radiologic evaluation of this spinal hardware necessitates an understanding of fundamental hardware design, physiologic objectives, normal postoperative imaging appearances, and unique complications. Radiologists may have little training and experience with the new and modified types of hardware used in the lumbar spine.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Sep 2014
Comparative StudyComparison of apparent diffusion coefficient calculation between two-point and multipoint B value analyses in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue at 3 T: preliminary experience.
The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the reliability and variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculations between two-point and multipoint b value analyses in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue. ⋯ For estimating ADC values on 3-T DWI of the prostate, two-point b value analysis seems to present excellent correlation with multipoint b value analysis, with little error in accuracy.
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The article reviews a select group of traumatic upper extremity injuries that can be easily misinterpreted on radiographs. ⋯ The awareness of these specific injuries and an understanding of their underlying pathophysiology and the role that radiographs can play in their evaluation will give the reader the best opportunity to make the important imaging findings and guide appropriate treatment.
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Radiography remains the imaging standard for fracture detection after trauma. However, fractures continue to be the most common type of missed injuries. In this article, we describe common radiographic pitfalls in lower extremity trauma and describe strategies for dealing with them. ⋯ Pitfalls include insufficient views, improperly positioned or technically imperfect radiographs, nondisplaced fractures, commonly missed locations, small avulsions portending large injury, sesamoid injuries, satisfaction of search, incomplete or faulty reasoning, and periprosthetic fractures.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Sep 2014
Comparative StudyQuantitative evaluation of benign and malignant vertebral fractures with diffusion-weighted MRI: what is the optimum combination of b values for ADC-based lesion differentiation with the single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence?
The purpose of our study was to determine the optimum combination of b values for calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using a diffusion-weighted (DW) single-shot turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence in the differentiation between acute benign and malignant vertebral body fractures. ⋯ ADCs calculated with a combination of low to intermediate b values (b = 100, 250, and 400 s/mm(2)) provide the best diagnostic performance of a DW single-shot TSE sequence to differentiate acute benign and malignant vertebral body fractures.