Pathologie-biologie
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Pathologie-biologie · Oct 2011
Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients by different typing methods.
Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa strains isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients (CFP) are frequently difficult to type by conventional typing methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the routine typing of these strains. Sixty P. aeruginosa non-repetitive strains recovered from CFP in a teaching hospital were typed. ⋯ Strains belonging to the other cluster were present in three (8%) of the 35 strains. The occurrence of these clusters indicates that cross-infection may occur. The results indicate also that only the RAPD method can establish a clonal relation whereas the other methods may only reflect phenotypical differences, and thus are inadequate to type these strains.
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Severe burned patients need definitive and efficient wound coverage. Outcome of massive burns has been improved by using cultured epithelial autografts (CEA). Despite fragility, percentages of success take, cost of treatment and long-term tendency to contracture, this surgical technique has been developed in few burn centres. ⋯ Stem cells have capacity to differentiate into keratinocytes, to promote wound repair and to regenerate skin appendages. Human mesenchymal stem cells contribute to wound healing and were evaluated in cutaneous radiation syndrome. Skin regeneration and tissue engineering methods remain a complex challenge and offer the possibility of new treatment for injured and burned patients.
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The deep burns require a surgical treatment. The third degree circular burns require escharotomies and sometimes fasciotomies to avoid vascular compression. Early burn wound excision permits to remove the necrotic tissue that produce toxins and encourage infection. ⋯ The keratinocytes culture remains a difficult and exceptional technique for very severe burns permitting to save their life but with poor cosmetic results. Artificial dermal substitute could sometimes permit to replace the homograft and to improve the cosmetic results of the grafts by a better reconstitution of skin. If early burn wound excision with autologous split-thickness skin grafting remains the gold standard, the tissue-engineering will be a future way for the surgical treatment of the burns.
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Pathologie-biologie · Apr 2011
[Relevance of fluoroquinolone use in Nancy's hospital. Results of the first turn].
The objective was to evaluate the good use of fluoroquinolones in a hospital with a relevance review in the context of an approach to evaluation of professional practices at the regional level initiated by the Antibiolor network. ⋯ The results were communicated to each participating service with corrective actions and then this experience has been repeated in May 2009.
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Pathologie-biologie · Apr 2011
[Molecular diagnosis of respiratory enterovirus infections: Use of PCR and molecular identification for a best approach of the main circulating strains during 2008].
The PCR assays are currently used in diagnosis of enterovirus (EV) meningitis. Nevertheless, the use of molecular diagnosis of EV should be investigated in respiratory tract infections (RTI). ⋯ The use of molecular screening techniques (PCR assays and genotyping) on nasal samples collected from patients with respiratory infections allowed a prospective, effective and precise identification of circulating strains.