Pathologie-biologie
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Pathologie-biologie · Feb 2011
[Prevalence of Candida parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis in candidemia over a 5-year period at Nantes hospital and in vitro susceptibility to three echinocandins by E-test®].
To determine the prevalence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis among candidemia at Nantes University Hospital and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of the isolates against three echinocandin drugs (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin). ⋯ Prevalence of C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis in patients with candidemia is low at Nantes University Hospital. The difficulty encountered with MIC reading by E-test(®) are discussed.
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Pathologie-biologie · Feb 2011
[Emergence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia at Cochin hospital. Characterization of isolates and search for risk factors].
Candida parapsilosis is a normal saprophyte of the skin, characterized by their affinity for catheters. This species has, in vitro, a level of sensitivity against the echinocandins, significantly lower than that observed with other Candida species. Recently, new species: Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis, phenotypically identical to C. parapsilosis, have been identified by molecular biology. ⋯ The case-control study showed a broad-spectrum antibiotics was significantly more frequent for candidemia with C. parapsilosis compared to C. albicans (52 versus 26%, P=0.04) as a previous treatment with caspofungin (11 versus 0%, P=0.04). The introduction of caspofungin is contemporary with the emergence of candidemia with C. parapsilosis with a tendency to be related to its level of consumption in the ICU. Our results should encourage biologists to closely monitor the frequency and level of sensitivity of strains of C. parapsilosis isolated in hospital.
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The field of hereditary iron overload has known, in the recent period, deep changes mainly related to major advances in molecular biology. It encompasses now a series of genetic entities. ⋯ The diagnostic approach has become essentially noninvasive with a major role for biological tests. From the therapeutic viewpoint, the phlebotomy treatment is now enriched by the possibility of resorting to oral chelation and by innovative perspectives directly linked to our improvement in the molecular understanding of these diseases.
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Pathologie-biologie · Apr 2010
Review[Interspecies transmission, adaptation to humans and pathogenicity of animal influenza viruses].
The emergence in 2009 of a novel A(H1N1)v influenza virus of swine origin and the regular occurrence since 2003 of human cases of infection with A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses underline the zoonotic and pandemic potential of type A influenza viruses. Influenza viruses from the wild aquatic birds reservoir usually do not replicate efficiently in humans. Domestic poultry and swine can act as intermediate hosts for the acquisition of determinants that increase the potential of transmission and adaptation to humans, through the accumulation of mutations or by genetic reassortment. ⋯ Whereas influenza viruses usually cause asymptomatic infections in wild aquatic birds, they may be highly pathogenic in other species. Molecular determinants of host-specificity and pathogenesis have been identified in most viral genes, notably in genes that encode viral surface glycoproteins, proteins involved in the viral genome replication, and proteins that counteract the host immune response. However, our knowledge of these numerous and interdependant determinants remains incomplete, and the molecular mechanisms involved are still to be understood.