The Journal of clinical psychiatry
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Adjunctive armodafinil for major depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of armodafinil, the longer-lasting isomer of modafinil, when used adjunctively in patients with bipolar depression. ⋯ In this proof-of-concept study, adjunctive armodafinil 150 mg/d appeared to improve depressive symptoms according to some, but not all, measures and was generally well tolerated in patients with bipolar depression.
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Interactive Tutorial
Nosology, diagnostic challenges, and unmet needs in managing bipolar disorder.
The spectrum of bipolar disorders includes the subtypes of bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (NOS). Because depression is the most pervasive symptom of bipolar disorder, this condition is frequently misdiagnosed as unipolar major depressive disorder. ⋯ To help meet this important diagnostic challenge, various markers have been identified that have predictive value for a bipolar outcome, including early onset of depression, family history of bipolar disorder, atypical depressive symptoms, and the presence of psychosis. Unmet needs in the management of bipolar disorder include an enhanced diagnostic process, more options for treating bipolar depressive episodes, and safer, more tolerable medications for long-term maintenance treatment.