The American journal of medicine
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The anterior and posterior walls of the aortic root are recognized as a pair of parallel linear signals which move anteriorly in systole and posteriorly in diastole. Valve cusps appear as thin lines which move briskly toward the periphery of the aortic lumen in systole and coapt in the middle in diastole producing a box-like configuration. Cusp calcification results in the appearance of multiple, linear echoes within the aortic root. ⋯ A markedly eccentric diastolic cusp position within the aortic lumen resulting in asymmetric images of the leaflets in systole is the hallmark of a bicuspid aortic valve. An abrupt premature closure of the valve leaflets in early systole is typical of subaortic membranous stenosis. In tetralogy of Fallot the aortic root is dilated and overrides the ventricular septum.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparative clinical studies of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of amikacin and gentamicin.
A comparative study of the oto- and nephrotoxicity of amikacin and gentamicin was carried out prospectively. Twenty-six gentamicin-treated patients and 27 amikacin-treated patients were monitored for changes in auditory and renal function during and after therapy. Thirteen of those treated with gentamicin and 20 of those treated with amikacin underwent vestibular caloric testing which could be evaluated for evidence of toxicity. ⋯ In two gentamicin-treated patients (7.7%), ototoxicity developed (one auditory, one vestibular), and in two amikacin-treated patients (7.4%), auditory toxicity developed. Statistical analysis of oto- and nephrotoxicity and their risk factors was not attempted because of the small numbers of patients who could be evaluated. Additional patients are being studied.