The American journal of medicine
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Am. J. Med.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dietary Choline Supplements, but Not Eggs, Raise Fasting TMAO Levels in Participants with Normal Renal Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Choline is a dietary precursor to the gut microbial generation of the prothrombotic and proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Eggs are rich in choline, yet the impact of habitual egg consumption on TMAO levels and platelet function in human subjects remains unclear. ⋯ Despite high choline content in egg yolks, healthy participants consuming 4 eggs daily showed no significant increase in TMAO or platelet reactivity. However, choline bitartrate supplements providing comparable total choline raised both TMAO and platelet reactivity, demonstrating that the form and source of dietary choline differentially contributes to systemic TMAO levels and platelet responsiveness.