The American journal of medicine
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Meta Analysis
Association Between Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Considerable controversy remains on the relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between egg consumption and overall cardiovascular disease events. ⋯ Our analysis suggests that higher consumption of eggs (more than 1 egg/day) was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but was associated with a significant reduction in risk of coronary artery disease.
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Approximately 9 months of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavius-2 (SARS-CoV-2 [COVID-19]) spreading across the globe has led to widespread COVID-19 acute hospitalizations and death. The rapidity and highly communicable nature of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has hampered the design and execution of definitive randomized, controlled trials of therapy outside of the clinic or hospital. ⋯ Therapeutic approaches based on these principles include 1) reduction of reinoculation, 2) combination antiviral therapy, 3) immunomodulation, 4) antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy, and 5) administration of oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Future randomized trials testing the principles and agents discussed will undoubtedly refine and clarify their individual roles; however, we emphasize the immediate need for management guidance in the setting of widespread hospital resource consumption, morbidity, and mortality.
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The foot changes with age. Foot disorders in older adults are associated with falls, lower limb ulcers, and pain. Physical examination of the feet as part of the routine assessment of older adults is imperative to detect foot problems. ⋯ Regular foot examination can detect common foot problems, functional decline, and is recommended for preventing falls. We describe a technique for performing a focused examination of the feet for older adults. This review addresses current podiatric issues in older patient populations and describes a method for foot examination to address the needs of older adults that can be incorporated into patient assessments in any clinical setting.
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Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system are recommended for the management of albuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but there is little consensus about alternative therapies. Calcium channel blockers are recommended for the management of hypertension, but the data are controversial regarding their role in patients with albuminuria. This review was designed to assess the efficacy of calcium channel blockers compared with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in decreasing albuminuria in diabetic, hypertensive patients with nephropathy. ⋯ Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system are superior to calcium channel blockers for the reduction of albuminuria in nephropathy due to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The net clinical benefit, however, is small.
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The substantial burden of heart disease promotes an interest in new ways of screening for early disease diagnosis, especially by means of noninvasive imaging. Increasing evidence for association between retinal microvascular signs and heart disease prompted us to systematically investigate the relevant current literature on the subject. ⋯ Our search yielded significant associations between retinal vascular changes, including diameter, tortuosity, and branching, and various cardiac diseases, including acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and conduction abnormalities. The findings of our research suggest that the retinal microvasculature can provide essential data about concurrent cardiac disease status and predict future risk of cardiac-related events.