The American journal of medicine
-
We studied cardiopulmonary function during exercise in young subjects with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who have no clinical cardiopulmonary disease to determine the relationships of aerobic capacity, gas exchange, ventilatory power requirement, and cardiac output to chronic glycemic control. ⋯ Physiologically significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction develops in asymptomatic patients with long-standing IDDM. Chronic maintenance of near-normoglycemia is associated with improved cardiopulmonary function.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial.
To study the efficacy and safety of various dosages of metformin as compared with placebo in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Metformin lowered fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c generally in a dose-related manner. Benefits were observed with as little as 500 mg of metformin; maximal benefits were observed at the upper limits of the recommended daily dosage. All dosages were well tolerated. Metformin appears to be a useful therapeutic option for physicians who wish to titrate drug therapy to achieve target glucose concentrations.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy of 24-week monotherapy with acarbose, metformin, or placebo in dietary-treated NIDDM patients: the Essen-II Study.
To compare the therapeutic potential of acarbose, metformin, or placebo as first line treatment in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). ⋯ Acarbose and metformin are effective drugs for the first line monotherapy of patients with NIDDM. With respect to plasma lipid profile, especially HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio acarbose may be superior to metformin.
-
The proposed practice of "evidence-based medicine," which calls for careful clinical judgment in evaluating the "best available evidence," should be differentiated from the special collection of data regarded as suitable evidence. Although the proposed practice does not seem new, the new collection of "best available" information has major constraints for the care of individual patients. ⋯ Randomized trial information is also seldom available for issues in etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis, and for clinical decisions that depend on pathophysiologic changes, psychosocial factors and support, personal preferences of patients, and strategies for giving comfort and reassurance. The laudable goal of making clinical decisions based on evidence can be impaired by the restricted quality and scope of what is collected as "best available evidence." The authoritative aura given to the collection, however, may lead to major abuses that produce inappropriate guidelines or doctrinaire dogmas for clinical practice.
-
As one ages, sensory discrimination in the oral cavity progressively diminishes, and dysphagia and aspiration are more likely to occur. Whether similar age-related laryngopharyngeal (LP) sensory abnormalities exist and contribute to dysphagia and aspiration is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if sensory discrimination in the area of the laryngopharynx innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve diminishes with increasing age. ⋯ For subjects 20-40 years, average threshold was 2.06 +/- 0.20 mm Hg APP, for the 41-60 age group, 2.45 +/- 0.34 mm Hg APP, and for subjects > or =61, 2.97 +/- 0.78 mm Hg APP. Thresholds for the > or =61 group were significantly different from those for the 20-40 and the 41-60 groups (P <0.05). Progressive diminution in LP sensitivity with increasing age might be a contributing factor in the development of dysphagia and aspiration in the elderly.