International journal of epidemiology
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Meta Analysis
Circulatory disease and smokeless tobacco in Western populations: a review of the evidence.
Use of oral snuff or 'snus' has risen in Sweden. Sales of snuff in the US have also risen, overtaking sales of chewing tobacco. There is some evidence that nicotine contributes to circulatory disease (CID) from smoking. We therefore reviewed the evidence relating smokeless tobacco (ST) to CID and related risk factors. ⋯ Any CID risk from ST appears to be substantially less than from smoking, and no clear risk from Swedish snuff is seen. However, the overall evidence is limited.