International journal of epidemiology
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Review Meta Analysis
Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To explore the association between low serum vitamin D and risk of active tuberculosis in humans. ⋯ Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of active tuberculosis. Although more prospectively designed studies are needed to firmly establish the direction of this association, it is more likely that low body vitamin D levels increase the risk of active tuberculosis. In view of this, the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in people with tuberculosis and hypovitaminosis D-associated conditions like chronic kidney disease should be evaluated.
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Studies have shown a positive association between trans fatty acids (TFA) intake and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), primarily accounted for by industrially produced TFA. Some of these studies indicate an inverse association between ruminant TFA (R-TFA) intake and CHD implying that R-TFA intake is innocuous or even protective against CHD. The aim of this study was to describe the association between R-TFA intake and risk of CHD evaluating both the absolute and the energy-adjusted intake. ⋯ This study suggests that R-TFA intake is not associated with a higher risk of CHD. Whether R-TFA intake is even protective against CHD among women cannot be concluded from this study.