Neurosurgery
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From 1974 to 1992, anterior cervical spondylodesis was performed in 163 patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, traumatic spinal injury, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, or cervical spondylitis. Forty-five of these patients were followed for more than 4 years. To analyze the long-term results of anterior cervical spondylodesis, a radiological examination was performed in these 45 patients and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in 41 of them. ⋯ Postoperative canal stenosis caused by the bulging of the discs and the ligamentum flavum was frequently demonstrated with hypo- or isointense signal on T2-weighted images by magnetic resonance imaging in patients followed long term after surgery and in patients with malalignment of the cervical spine due to kyphosis of the fused vertebrae and multisegmental fusion. Neurological improvement was less in patients with bulge of the discs and the ligamentum flavum seen in magnetic resonance imaging than in patients without it. The bulge of the ligamentum flavum was histopathologically defined as hypertrophy of the ligament.
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A case of an abnormal loop of the extracranial vertebral artery enlarging the intervertebral foramen at C5-C6 and the transverse foramen at C5 is reported. This occurrence is rare and was associated with cervicobrachial neuralgia caused by neurovascular compression of the C6 root. The patient was cured by microvascular decompression.
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In an attempt to evaluate the response of patients who have low admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS) after a penetrating craniocerebral injury to aggressive management, we evaluated a series of 190 patients with penetrating injuries who presented with a GCS score of 3, 4, or 5 during a 6-year period. Entrance criteria required replicable neurological examinations that were not altered by the presence of hypotension, drugs/toxins, or systemic injury. The surgical patients included 21 patients with an admission GCS score of 3, 24 with an admission GCS score of 4, and 15 with an admission GCS score of 5. ⋯ Five had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 2, five had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 3, and one had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 4. We have devised a prospective model of outcome based on our series in an attempt to predict nonsurvivors at admission (while overpredicting for survivors). The variables most predictive of mortality include admission GCS score and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one model and admission GCS score and pupillary changes in a second, when pupillary response was definitive at admission (P < or = 0.00005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Glutamate antagonists are the most powerful neuroprotective drugs in laboratory studies of focal cerebral ischemia. Because the majority of clinical conditions in which focal brain ischemia occurs are associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP), we have used the rat acute subdural hematoma model to evaluate the effects of three glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, MK-801, CGS 19755 (SELFOTEL), D-CPP-ene, and mannitol, upon ICP and also upon the volume of ischemic brain damage. ⋯ N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists do not increase ICP or jeopardize cerebral perfusion pressure when administered under anesthesia with a controlled PaCO2 level. Further studies in humans are indicated.