Neurosurgery
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Small anastomotic channels exist between the occipital artery (OA) and muscular branches of the vertebral artery; however, no direct connection has been reported between an extradural origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and the OA. ⋯ OA, occipital arteryPICA, posterior inferior cerebellar arteryVA, vertebral artery.
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Current treatment strategies in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) include trials of medical therapy and surgical intervention, when necessary. In some patients, pain is not adequately managed with these existing strategies. ⋯ BNI, Barrow Neurologic InstitutionFIESTA, fast imaging employing steady state acquisitionIV V, IVth ventricleMVD, microvascular decompressionNVC, neurovascular compressionREZ, root entry zoneSpTV, descending spinal tract of the trigeminal nerveTN, trigeminal neuralgiaVI, VIth nerve nucleusVII, VIIth nerve nucleusVm, Vth motor nucleusVn, Vth nerveVs, Vth sensory nucleus.
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Information supplied by an image-guidance system can be superimposed on the operating microscope oculars or on a screen, generating augmented reality. Recently, the outline of a patient's head and skull, injected in the oculars of a standard operating microscope, has been used to check the registration accuracy of image guidance. ⋯ The proposed method was easy to perform and augmented image-guidance accuracy when operating on small deep-seated lesions.
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Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is commonly used to treat obstructive hydrocephalus. Closure of the stoma can be associated with symptom recurrence and need for further surgical intervention. ⋯ ETV, endoscopic third ventriculostomy.