Neurosurgery
-
⋯ Patients with os odontoideum, either with or without C1--C2 instability, who have neither symptoms nor neurological signs may be managed with clinical and radiographic surveillance. Patients with os odontoideum, particularly with neurological symptoms and/or signs, and C1--C2 instability may be managed with posterior C1--C2 internal fixation and fusion. Postoperative halo immobilization as an adjunct to posterior internal fixation and fusion is recommended unless successful C1--C2 transarticular screw fixation and fusion can be accomplished. Occipitocervical fusion with or without C1 laminectomy may be considered in patients with os odontoideum who have irreducible cervicomedullary compression and/or evidence of associated occipitoatlantal instability. Transoral decompression may be considered in patients with os odontoideum who have irreducible ventral cervicomedullary compression.
-
⋯ Treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries with GM-1 ganglioside is recommended as an option without demonstrated clinical benefit.
-
Review Case Reports
Scalp Cirsoid Aneurysms: Case Illustration and Systematic Review of Literature.
Scalp cirsoid aneurysms are rare subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulae affecting the scalp. They can be easily misdiagnosed and mistreated. ⋯ Scalp cirsoid aneurysms are associated with good prognoses when recognized and managed appropriately. We suggest combining surgery with endovascular embolization as the optimum treatment modality.
-
Review
Sensor Modalities for Brain-Computer Interface Technology: A Comprehensive Literature Review.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is rapidly developing and changing the paradigm of neurorestoration by linking cortical activity with control of an external effector to provide patients with tangible improvements in their ability to interact with the environment. The sensor component of a BCI circuit dictates the resolution of brain pattern recognition and therefore plays an integral role in the technology. Several sensor modalities are currently in use for BCI applications and are broadly either electrode-based or functional neuroimaging-based. ⋯ In this way, neurofeedback has improved BCI classification and enhanced user control over BCI output. Taken together, BCI systems have progressed significantly in recent years in terms of accuracy, speed, and communication. Understanding the sensory components of a BCI is essential for neurosurgeons and clinicians as they help advance this technology in the clinical setting.